1 Peter 4:5

Authorized King James Version

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Who shall give account to him that is ready to judge the quick and the dead.

Original Language Analysis

οἳ Who G3739
οἳ Who
Strong's: G3739
Word #: 1 of 10
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
ἀποδώσουσιν shall give G591
ἀποδώσουσιν shall give
Strong's: G591
Word #: 2 of 10
to give away, i.e., up, over, back, etc. (in various applications)
λόγον account G3056
λόγον account
Strong's: G3056
Word #: 3 of 10
something said (including the thought); by implication, a topic (subject of discourse), also reasoning (the mental faculty) or motive; by extension, a
τῷ G3588
τῷ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 4 of 10
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἑτοίμως ready G2093
ἑτοίμως ready
Strong's: G2093
Word #: 5 of 10
in readiness
ἔχοντι to him that is G2192
ἔχοντι to him that is
Strong's: G2192
Word #: 6 of 10
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio
κρῖναι to judge G2919
κρῖναι to judge
Strong's: G2919
Word #: 7 of 10
by implication, to try, condemn, punish
ζῶντας the quick G2198
ζῶντας the quick
Strong's: G2198
Word #: 8 of 10
to live (literally or figuratively)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 9 of 10
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
νεκρούς the dead G3498
νεκρούς the dead
Strong's: G3498
Word #: 10 of 10
dead (literally or figuratively; also as noun)

Analysis & Commentary

Peter warns of coming judgment. "Who shall give account to him that is ready to judge the quick and the dead" (hoi apodōsousin logon tō hetoimōs echonti krinai zōntas kai nekrous). Those mocking Christians will "give account" (apodōsousin logon)—answer to God for their lives. God "is ready to judge" (hetoimōs echonti krinai)—prepared, about to judge. "Quick and dead" (zōntas kai nekrous)—living and dead, all humanity. This sobering truth: mockers face judgment before impartial God who evaluates all. Their current ridicule won't exempt them from divine accountability. This assures persecuted believers: apparent triumph of wicked is temporary; God will judge justly.

Historical Context

Early Christians facing mockery, persecution, martyrdom needed assurance that justice would prevail. Peter promises: those currently oppressing believers will answer to God. This echoes apostolic teaching throughout New Testament—universal judgment coming (Acts 17:31, Romans 2:16, 2 Timothy 4:1). The phrase "ready to judge" indicates imminence—judgment could come anytime through death or Christ's return. Early church's eschatological urgency stemmed from believing Christ's return imminent. This motivated evangelism (warn mockers of coming judgment) and endurance (vindication approaching). Modern application: unbelievers' mockery doesn't invalidate Christianity; they'll face judgment proving God's reality.

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